# frozen_string_literal: true

require "bindata"

# A cursor to walk through data structures to read fields. The cursor can move
# forwards, backwards, is seekable, and supports peeking without moving the
# cursor. The BinData module is used for interpreting bytes as desired.
class BufferCursor
  VERSION = "0.9.0"

  # An entry in a stack of cursors. The cursor position, direction, and
  # name array are each attributes of the current cursor stack and are
  # manipulated together.
  class StackEntry
    attr_accessor :cursor
    attr_accessor :position
    attr_accessor :direction
    attr_accessor :name

    def initialize(cursor, position = 0, direction = :forward, name = nil)
      @cursor = cursor
      @position = position
      @direction = direction
      @name = name || []
    end

    def inspect
      "<%s direction=%s position=%s>" % [
        self.class.name,
        @direction.inspect,
        @position,
      ]
    end

    def dup
      StackEntry.new(cursor, position, direction, name.dup)
    end
  end

  @global_tracing = false

  # Enable tracing for all BufferCursor objects globally.
  def self.trace!(arg = true) # rubocop:disable Style/OptionalBooleanParameter
    @global_tracing = arg
  end

  def self.global_tracing?
    @global_tracing
  end

  # Initialize a cursor within a buffer at the given position.
  def initialize(buffer, position)
    @buffer = buffer
    @stack = [StackEntry.new(self, position)]

    trace false
    trace_with :print_trace
    trace_to $stdout
  end

  def inspect
    "<%s size=%i current=%s>" % [
      self.class.name,
      @buffer.size,
      current.inspect,
    ]
  end

  def trace(arg = true) # rubocop:disable Style/OptionalBooleanParameter
    @instance_tracing = arg

    self
  end

  # Print a trace output for this cursor. The method is passed a cursor object,
  # position, raw byte buffer, and array of names.
  def print_trace(_cursor, position, bytes, name)
    slice_size = 16
    bytes.each_slice(slice_size).with_index do |slice_bytes, slice_count|
      @trace_io.puts "%06i %s %-32s  %s" % [
        position + (slice_count * slice_size),
        direction == :backward ? "←" : "→",
        slice_bytes.map { |n| "%02x" % n }.join,
        slice_count.zero? ? name.join(".") : "↵",
      ]
    end
  end

  def trace_to(file)
    @trace_io = file

    self
  end

  # Set a Proc or method on self to trace with.
  def trace_with(arg = nil)
    if arg.nil?
      @trace_proc = nil
    elsif arg.instance_of?(Proc)
      @trace_proc = arg
    elsif arg.instance_of?(Symbol)
      @trace_proc = ->(cursor, position, bytes, name) { send(arg, cursor, position, bytes, name) }
    else
      raise "Don't know how to trace with #{arg}"
    end

    self
  end

  def tracing_enabled?
    (self.class.global_tracing? || @instance_tracing) && @trace_proc
  end

  # Generate a trace record from the current cursor.
  def record_trace(position, bytes, name)
    @trace_proc.call(self, position, bytes, name) if tracing_enabled?
  end

  # The current cursor object; the top of the stack.
  def current
    @stack.last
  end

  def push_name(name_arg)
    current.name.push name_arg
  end

  def pop_name
    current.name.pop
  end

  # Set the field name.
  def name(name_arg = nil)
    return current.name if name_arg.nil?

    raise "No block given" unless block_given?

    current.name.push name_arg
    ret = yield(self)
    current.name.pop
    ret
  end

  # Return the direction of the current cursor.
  def direction(direction_arg = nil)
    return current.direction if direction_arg.nil?

    current.direction = direction_arg

    self
  end

  # Set the direction of the cursor to "forward".
  def forward
    direction(:forward)
  end

  # Set the direction of the cursor to "backward".
  def backward
    direction(:backward)
  end

  # Return the position of the current cursor.
  def position
    current.position
  end

  # Move the current cursor to a new absolute position.
  def seek(position)
    current.position = position if position

    self
  end

  # Adjust the current cursor to a new relative position.
  def adjust(relative_position)
    current.position += relative_position

    self
  end

  # Save the current cursor position and start a new (nested, stacked) cursor.
  def push(position = nil)
    @stack.push current.dup
    seek(position)

    self
  end

  # Restore the last cursor position.
  def pop
    raise "No cursors to pop" unless @stack.size > 1

    @stack.pop

    self
  end

  # Execute a block and restore the cursor to the previous position after
  # the block returns. Return the block's return value after restoring the
  # cursor. Optionally seek to provided position before executing block.
  def peek(position = nil)
    raise "No block given" unless block_given?

    push(position)
    result = yield(self)
    pop
    result
  end

  # Read a number of bytes forwards or backwards from the current cursor
  # position and adjust the cursor position by that amount.
  def read_and_advance(length)
    data = nil
    cursor_start = current.position
    case current.direction
    when :forward
      data = @buffer.slice(current.position, length)
      adjust(length)
    when :backward
      adjust(-length)
      data = @buffer.slice(current.position, length)
    end

    record_trace(cursor_start, data.bytes, current.name)
    data
  end

  # Return raw bytes.
  def read_bytes(length)
    read_and_advance(length)
  end

  # Return a null-terminated string.
  def read_string(length)
    BinData::Stringz.read(read_and_advance(length))
  end

  # Iterate through length bytes returning each as an unsigned 8-bit integer.
  def each_byte_as_uint8(length, &block)
    return enum_for(:each_byte_as_uint8, length) unless block_given?

    read_and_advance(length).bytes.each(&block)

    nil
  end

  # Return raw bytes as hex.
  def read_hex(length)
    read_and_advance(length).bytes.map { |c| "%02x" % c }.join
  end

  # Read an unsigned 8-bit integer.
  def read_uint8(position = nil)
    seek(position)
    data = read_and_advance(1)
    BinData::Uint8.read(data).to_i
  end

  # Read a big-endian unsigned 16-bit integer.
  def read_uint16(position = nil)
    seek(position)
    data = read_and_advance(2)
    BinData::Uint16be.read(data).to_i
  end

  # Read a big-endian signed 16-bit integer.
  def read_sint16(position = nil)
    seek(position)
    data = read_and_advance(2)
    BinData::Int16be.read(data).to_i
  end

  # Read a big-endian unsigned 24-bit integer.
  def read_uint24(position = nil)
    seek(position)
    data = read_and_advance(3)
    BinData::Uint24be.read(data).to_i
  end

  # Read a big-endian unsigned 32-bit integer.
  def read_uint32(position = nil)
    seek(position)
    data = read_and_advance(4)
    BinData::Uint32be.read(data).to_i
  end

  # Read a big-endian unsigned 48-bit integer.
  def read_uint48(position = nil)
    seek(position)
    data = read_and_advance(6)
    BinData::Uint48be.read(data).to_i
  end

  # Read a big-endian unsigned 64-bit integer.
  def read_uint64(position = nil)
    seek(position)
    data = read_and_advance(8)
    BinData::Uint64be.read(data).to_i
  end

  # Read a big-endian unsigned integer given its size in bytes.
  def read_uint_by_size(size)
    case size
    when 1
      read_uint8
    when 2
      read_uint16
    when 3
      read_uint24
    when 4
      read_uint32
    when 6
      read_uint48
    when 8
      read_uint64
    else
      raise "Integer size #{size} not implemented"
    end
  end

  # Read an array of count unsigned integers given their size in bytes.
  def read_uint_array_by_size(size, count)
    count.times.map { read_uint_by_size(size) }
  end

  # Read an InnoDB-compressed unsigned 32-bit integer (1-5 bytes).
  #
  # The first byte makes up part of the value stored as well as indicating
  # the number of bytes stored, maximally an additional 4 bytes after the
  # flag for integers >= 0xf0000000.
  #
  # Optionally accept a flag (first byte) if it has already been read (as is
  # the case in read_imc_uint64).
  def read_ic_uint32(flag = nil)
    name("ic_uint32") do
      flag ||= peek { name("uint8_or_flag") { read_uint8 } }

      case
      when flag < 0x80
        adjust(+1)
        flag
      when flag < 0xc0
        name("uint16") { read_uint16 } & 0x7fff
      when flag < 0xe0
        name("uint24") { read_uint24 } & 0x3fffff
      when flag < 0xf0
        name("uint32") { read_uint32 } & 0x1fffffff
      when flag == 0xf0
        adjust(+1) # Skip the flag byte.
        name("uint32+1") { read_uint32 }
      else
        raise "Invalid flag #{flag} seen"
      end
    end
  end

  # Read an InnoDB-compressed unsigned 64-bit integer (5-9 bytes).
  #
  # The high 32 bits are stored as an InnoDB-compressed unsigned 32-bit
  # integer (1-5 bytes) while the low 32 bits are stored as a standard
  # big-endian 32-bit integer (4 bytes). This makes a combined size of
  # between 5 and 9 bytes.
  def read_ic_uint64
    name("ic_uint64") do
      high = name("high") { read_ic_uint32 }
      low = name("low") { name("uint32") { read_uint32 } }

      (high << 32) | low
    end
  end

  # Read an InnoDB-"much compressed" unsigned 64-bit integer (1-11 bytes).
  #
  # If the first byte is 0xff, this indicates that the high 32 bits are
  # stored immediately afterwards as an InnoDB-compressed 32-bit unsigned
  # integer. If it is any other value it represents the first byte (which
  # is also a flag) of the low 32 bits of the value, also as an InnoDB-
  # compressed 32-bit unsigned integer. This makes for a combined size
  # of between 1 and 11 bytes.
  def read_imc_uint64
    name("imc_uint64") do
      high = 0
      flag = peek { name("uint8_or_flag") { read_uint8 } }

      if flag == 0xff
        # The high 32-bits are stored first as an ic_uint32.
        adjust(+1) # Skip the flag byte.
        high = name("high") { read_ic_uint32 }
        flag = nil
      end

      # The low 32-bits are stored as an ic_uint32; pass the flag we already
      # read, so we don't have to read it again.
      low = name("low") { read_ic_uint32(flag) }

      (high << 32) | low
    end
  end

  # Read an array of 1-bit integers.
  def read_bit_array(num_bits)
    size = (num_bits + 7) / 8
    data = read_and_advance(size)
    bit_array = BinData::Array.new(type: :bit1, initial_length: size * 8)
    bit_array.read(data).to_ary
  end
end